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>> LCD liquid crystal display viewing angle principle 24th,Oct,2018
The viewing angle of the LCD screen is bilaterally symmetrical, while the upper and lower sides are not necessarily symmetrical. For example, when the incident light of the backlight passes through the polarizing plate, the liquid crystal, and the alignment film, the output light has a specific directional characteristic, that is, most of the light emitted from the screen has a vertical direction. If you look at an all-white picture from a very oblique angle, we may see black or color distortion. Generally, the upper and lower angles are less than or equal to the left and right angles. If the viewing angle is 80 degrees to the left and right, it means that the screen image can be clearly seen when it starts at 80 degrees from the normal of the screen. However, due to the different range of human vision, if you do not stand within the best viewing angle, the color and brightness you see will be inaccurate. Some manufacturers have developed various wide viewing angle technologies to improve the viewing angle characteristics of liquid crystal displays, such as IPS (InPlaneSwitching), MVA (Multidomain Vertical Alignment), and TN+FILM. These technologies can increase the viewing angle of the LCD screen to 160 degrees or more. Liquid crystal display (LCD) English is called Liquid Crystal Display, which is a display that uses liquid crystal controlled transmittance technology to achieve color. The advantages of LCDs are obvious compared to CRT displays. Since the light and dark are controlled by controlling whether or not the light is transmitted, the liquid crystal remains unchanged when the color is constant, so that it is not necessary to consider the problem of the refresh rate. For a liquid crystal display with stable picture and no flickering, the refresh rate is not high but the image is also stable. The LCD display also allows the bottom plate to illuminate entirely through the technical principle of liquid crystal control of light transmission, so it achieves a true complete plane. Some high-end digital LCD displays use digital methods to transmit data and display images so that color deviations or losses due to the graphics card do not occur. There is no advantage of radiation at all, even if you watch the LCD monitor screen for a long time, it will not cause great damage to your eyes. Small size and low energy consumption are unmatched by CRT monitors. Generally, a 15-inch LCD monitor consumes one-third of the power of a 17-inch flat-screen CRT monitor.
At present, the image quality of LCD monitors is still not perfect compared to CRT monitors. Color performance and saturation LCD monitors are lost to CRT monitors to varying degrees, and the response time of LCD monitors is longer than that of CRT monitors. When the screen is still, it can be used. Once used for playing games and watching DVDs, the screen update speed is used. When the block is displayed violently, the weakness of the liquid crystal display is exposed, and the delay of the picture may cause ghosting and tailing, which seriously affects the display quality.
Lcd display works from the structure of the liquid crystal display, whether it is a notebook computer or desktop system, the LCD display is composed of different parts of a layered structure. The LCD consists of two glass plates, approximately 1 mm thick, separated by a uniform spacing of 5 μm containing liquid crystal material. Since the liquid crystal material itself does not emit light, a light pipe as a light source is provided on both sides of the display screen, and a backlight plate (or a light homogenizing plate) and a reflective film are formed on the back of the liquid crystal display, and the backlight plate is composed of a fluorescent substance. Light can be emitted, the main function of which is to provide a uniform background light source.
The light emitted by the backlight enters the liquid crystal layer containing thousands of liquid crystal droplets after passing through the first polarizing filter layer. The droplets in the liquid crystal layer are all contained in a small cell structure, and one or more cells constitute one pixel on the screen. Between the glass plate and the liquid crystal material is a transparent electrode, the electrode is divided into rows and columns, at the intersection of the rows and columns, by changing the voltage to change the optical rotation state of the liquid crystal, the liquid crystal material acts like a small light valve. Around the liquid crystal material are a control circuit portion and a drive circuit portion. When the electrodes in the LCD generate an electric field, the liquid crystal molecules are distorted, and the light passing through them is regularly refracted, and then filtered through the second layer of the filter layer to be displayed on the screen.
Liquid crystal display technology also has weaknesses and technical bottlenecks. Compared with CRT monitors, there is a significant gap in brightness, picture uniformity, viewing angle and reaction time. The reaction time and viewing angle depend on the quality of the liquid crystal panel, and the uniformity of the image has a great relationship with the auxiliary optical module.
For liquid crystal displays, the brightness is often related to his backplane light source. The brighter the backplane light source, the higher the brightness of the entire LCD display. In the early liquid crystal display, because only two cold light source lamps were used, the brightness was uneven, and the brightness was not satisfactory. It was only after the introduction of four cold light source lamps that the product was greatly improved.
a) physical properties of liquid crystal
The physical characteristics of the liquid crystal are: when the power is turned on, the arrangement becomes orderly, so that the light is easily passed; when the power is not supplied, the arrangement is disordered, and the light is prevented from passing. Let the LCD block like a gate or let light penetrate. Technically speaking, the LCD panel contains two fairly fine sodium-free glass materials called Substrates with a layer of liquid crystal in between. When the light beam passes through the liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal itself will stand or twist in an irregular shape, thereby blocking or allowing the light beam to pass smoothly. Most liquid crystals are organic complexes composed of long rod-shaped molecules. In the natural state, the long axes of these rod-shaped molecules are substantially parallel. The liquid crystal is poured into a well-machined slotted plane, and the liquid crystal molecules are arranged along the groove, so if the grooves are very parallel, the molecules are also completely parallel.
(B) the principle of monochrome liquid crystal display
LCD technology is to fill the liquid crystal between two planes with fine grooves. The grooves in the two planes are perpendicular to each other (intersecting at 90 degrees). That is to say, if the molecules on one plane are arranged in the north-south direction, the molecules on the other plane are arranged in the east-west direction, and the molecules located between the two planes are forced into a state of 90-degree twist. Since the light propagates in the direction in which the molecules are arranged, the light is also twisted by 90 degrees as it passes through the liquid crystal. But when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal, the molecules are vertically aligned so that the light can be directed out without any twisting. The LCD is dependent on the polarizing filter (slice) and the light itself. Natural light is randomly scattered in all directions. A polarizing filter is actually a series of increasingly thin parallel lines. These lines form a net that blocks all light that is not parallel to these lines. The line of the polarizing filter is exactly perpendicular to the first one, so it can completely block the light that has been polarized. Only when the lines of the two filters are completely parallel, or the light itself has been twisted to match the second polarizing filter, the light is penetrated.
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